| 1 |
Author(s):
Chun Il Kim, Changwon Kim.
Country:
Korea (North)
Research Area:
Electrical Engineering
Page No:
1-12 |
Strategy of Eliminating Contact Bounce Using TRIAC for AC Contactor
Abstract
In the operation of the contactor, contact bounce at closing period is an important factor affecting the performance and electrical life of the contactor.
To improve the service life of the contactor by reducing the core impact and contact bounce when the AC contactor is closing, dynamic characteristics of the contactor have been analyzed and various excitation control methods have been invented to reduce the contact bounce.
In this paper, a novel DC excitation circuit using TRIAC and a current control strategy based on the phase control to reduce the contact bounce for AC contactor are proposed.
The dynamic characteristics of the proposed electromagnetic system are analyzed. Simulation of the proposed circuit and control scheme is implemented by MATLAB/SIMULINK and ADAMS for a 63A AC contactor. The simulation results show that the proposed DC excitation circuit and coil current control scheme can control the current through the contactor coil and the speed of the moving part of the contactor and can reduce the contact bounce during collision of the contactor by phase control to the TRIAC.
| 2 |
Author(s):
Federico de la Colina Flores, Heriberto Rodríguez Frausto, Tzitzi T. De La Colina García, Paul A. de la Colina García.
Country:
Costa Rica
Research Area:
Veterinary Science
Page No:
13-38 |
The Concept of Mode of Life in Veterinary Education in Mexico
Abstract
This review advances “mode of life” as a foundational, cross-species concept that surpasses “way of life” and “lifestyle.” A mode of life names the integrated configuration of material exchanges with environ-ments, socio-technical mediation (tools, symbols, infrastructures), rules, communities, and divisions of labor through which beings persist and become. Marxian analysis grounds modes of life in productive and reproductive activity shaped by power, ideology, and political economy (e.g., Gramsci on hegemo-ny; Federici on social reproduction). Cultural-Historical Activity Theory (Vygotsky, Leontiev, Engeström) reframes learning as transformation of object-oriented, tool-mediated activity systems, in which both the object (what is produced) and the subject (who we become) change. Burkitt’s relational account of emotion and Levin’s agentive evolution widen the lens to multi-level intelligence and subject formation across phylogeny. Within this framework, veterinarians and animal scientists are designers and mediators of modes of life. In public/One Health, they reconfigure human–animal–ecosystem relations through vaccination, biosecurity, food safety, and risk communication. In animal production, they co-design welfare-centered husbandry (silvopastoral systems, environmental enrichment, antimicrobial stewardship) that counters industrial alienation and ecological harm. In companion-animal practice, they align species-typical needs with domestic routines; in wildlife and conservation, they restore or ethically approximate species-authentic modes of life; in laboratories, they secure humane, reproducible research. Throughout American and Latin American contexts, institutional infrastructures, cultural practices, and inequalities condition what modes of life are materially possible. Ethically and politically, the essay ad-vocates non-authoritarian relations and democratized organization of animal work (Wolff’s workplace democracy; Blakeley’s community governance). Veterinary praxis is cast as expansive learning: diagnos-ing contradictions, modelling alternatives, implementing and consolidating improved activity systems. Health is reconceived as a property of modes of life—nutrition, movement, rest, stress regulation, socia-bility, safety—rather than mere disease absence. The argument closes on need as the mediating category binding organisms to particular modes of life and orienting professional responsibility: to co-create just, sustainable, and flourishing interspecies life-ways.
| 3 |
Author(s):
Ankita Chandwani, Prof. (Dr.) Mamta B. Shah, Vinishaben Ashvinbhai Dudhat.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Pharmaceuticals
Page No:
39-78 |
A Concise Review on Medicinally Important Phytochemical Class: Meroterpene
Abstract
Meroterpenes are promising drug compounds isolated from microorganisms, marine invertebrates, and higher plants, having a partial terpenoid skeleton and obtained from both terpenoid and polyketide biogenesis. Among marine organisms that are a rich source of structurally diverse meroterpenes, marine fungi and brown algae are promising sources. Meroterpenes are complex molecules with unique molecular architectures derived from intra- and inter-molecular cyclisation or rearrangements and found to exert potent bioactivities in all the domains of life. Important compounds like ubiquinone-10, α-tocopherol, and austinol are included in the meroterpenoid class. Meroterpenoids exhibit anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, and anti-inflammatory properties. A few compounds of the meroterpenoids category include antidepressant - hyperforin, psychoactive drug - tetrahydrocannabinol, and immunosuppressant - mycophenolic acid. This review aims to provide a detailed overview of meroterpenes along with their source, structures, detailed pharmacological potential, and biological synthesis that we hope will underpin future work on this class of secondary metabolites.
| 4 |
Author(s):
Yong-Jun Kim, Ji-Hyok Kim, Song-Nam Kwon, Myong-Song Ro.
Country:
Korea (North)
Research Area:
Physics
Page No:
79-93 |
Nonuniform Grid based Lattice Boltzmann Method for Numerical Simulation of Glow Discharge Plasma in Argon
Abstract
Plasma parameters of argon dc glow discharge at 1torr pressure are numerically analyzed. Governing equations are based on the drift-diffusion theory and solved by lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) and finite difference method (FDM). The LBM is employed on non-uniform grid, which is checked by simulating lid-driven cavity flow. Analysis of glow discharge with fixed temperatures for plasma species is performed for comparison between the results on the uniform grid and on the non-uniform one. The results show that the latter is required less computational cost than the former. The simulation of glow discharge is performed with temperature field, whose results are in good agreement with those from the experiments and by COMSOL.
| 5 |
Author(s):
Deepali Chouhan, S. S. Shrivastava.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Mathematics
Page No:
94-104 |
A Study of Cryptographic Scheme for Safe Data Transfer in Wireless Sensor Network Involving Logic Gate
Abstract
The objective of this paper is to establish a lightweight logic gate–based cryptographic technique for secure data transfer in small to medium Wireless Sensor Networks, ensuring data confidentiality and efficient key management with minimal resource consumption. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are made up of small sensor nodes that collect data from their surroundings and send it to a central base station. As these networks grow, they become more exposed to security threats. So, it's important to use strong and efficient security methods. To keep communication secure and smooth in WSNs, cryptographic techniques are used. These techniques help protect the data and manage the keys used for encryption. However, choosing the right cryptography method is challenging because sensor nodes have limited power, processing speed, and memory. In large networks, symmetric cryptography (where the same key is used for both encryption and decryption) may not work well. That’s why asymmetric cryptography (using different keys) is often preferred.
In this study, we suggest a new method based on electronic logic gates for symmetric encryption. This technique works well for small to medium-sized WSNs, offering secure communication without putting too much load on the sensor nodes.
| 6 |
Author(s):
Dr. Arvinder Singh Channi, Manjot Kaur Channi.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Materials Engineering
Page No:
105-113 |
Development of Lightweight Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) for Automotive Applications A Comprehensive Review
Abstract
MMC have been in the spotlight of the automotive business since they offer exceptional mechanical properties and allow achieving important objectives: weight reduction, fuel efficiency, and emission reduction/control. This review summarises contemporary research advances concerning the production and manufacture, assessment, and use of lightweight MMC, especially with aluminium, magnesium, and titanium matrices. Processing methods, including stir casting, powder metallurgy and additive manufacturing, are discussed and progress to enhance mixing and interfacial adhesion is emphasized. Reinforcement methods consist of ceramic particulates such as Sic and Al2O3 as well as nano reinforcements like carbon nano tubes. The change in micro-structure and its consequence on mechanical and tribological characteristics of tensile strength, hardness and wear resistance are critically examined. Challenges pertaining to the scalability of the manufacturing process and the cost of the materials used and recycling of the MMC components are mentioned with sustainable solutions proposed. Lastly, new research avenues along with the emerging tendencies which include hybrid reinforcements, smart composites, and additive manufacturing are provided to facilitate the further development of the presented topic.
| 7 |
Author(s):
Naveen, Dr. Anupam Bhatia.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Engineering
Page No:
114-123 |
Unveiling the Landscape of Happiness Prediction with Machine Learning: A PRISMA-Guided Systematic Review
Abstract
This state-of-the-art paper includes a detailed systematic literature review using the PRISMA of Prediction Techniques used to predict the happiness of humans or nations. It is said that the most significant aspect of life is Happiness. Machine learning performs well at predicting the happiness index, having achieved success in areas such as weather prediction, image processing, fraud detection, sound prediction, and health care. In this paper, a systematic mapping survey is conducted to predict the happiness index using machine learning techniques, covering the period from 2018 to 2023. This study also includes scales and questionnaires for measuring happiness. Academic works are reviewed that suggest, illustrate, and analyse happiness measurement scales and questionnaires. After compiling a pool of 250 papers and applying a set of inclusion and exclusion criteria, a final pool of 150 relevant papers is obtained. Finally, the review concludes with an overview of the literature on an individual’s happiness from an analytical perspective and discusses the measurement scales and questionnaires used in predictive models. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study is to analyse previous work on predicting happiness and the scales used for prediction.
| 8 |
Author(s):
Dr. Rajeev Ranjan Kumar, Dr. Naadir Kamal, Vishal Kumar.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Electronics and Communication Engineering
Page No:
124-133 |
Design and Implementation of an Ideal Plant System Using IoT-Based Environmental Control
Abstract
The concept of an "ideal plant" represents an imaginary state where plants receive optimal and continuous supply of three critical factors: adequate heat, adequate water, and adequate minerals. This research paper presents a comprehensive framework for designing and implementing an automated electronic control system capable of maintaining ideal plant growth conditions through Internet of Things (IoT) technology and precision environmental management. The proposed system integrates multiple sensor technologies including temperature sensors, soil moisture probes, pH sensors, and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) sensors with an ESP32 microcontroller to continuously monitor and regulate environmental parameters. Automated actuators such as heating elements, water pumps, and nutrient dosing systems maintain parameters within optimal ranges specific to plant species and growth stages. Real-time data collection through IoT platforms enables remote monitoring via mobile applications, allowing farmers and researchers to track plant health from anywhere at any time. The system demonstrates significant improvements in resource efficiency with 90% reduction in water usage, up to 50% reduction in energy consumption, and 20-25% increase in crop yield compared to traditional farming methods. This research highlights the transformative potential of combining IoT sensors, automated control systems, and precision agriculture principles to create an achievable ideal growing environment that optimises plant physiology, minimises resource wastage, and enhances agricultural sustainability for both commercial and domestic applications.
| 9 |
Author(s):
Dr. Ananya Vishwakarma.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Chemistry
Page No:
134-141 |
Spectral characterizations and photoluminescence behavior of Europium(III) complexes synthesized from hydrazino triazole and o-hydroxyacetophenone
Abstract
By reaction of europium(III) chloride with Schiff bases (derived from condensation of 3-(pheny/ phenyl substitute)-4-amino-5-hydrazino-1,2,4-triazole with o-hydroxyacetophenone) in ethanol, the novel Eu(III) complexes were synthesised. Elemental analysis, spectroscopic measurement, magnetic moment, electrical conductance and X-ray diffraction were described by the synthesized complexes. The photoluminescence properties of Eu(III) complexes have also been studied. Eu(III) complexes show very strong characteristic emission in red region.
| 10 |
Author(s):
Dr. Shamim Haque Mondal, Tanmay Bera, Dr. Chitrakshya Sarkar.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Forensic Science
Page No:
142-149 |
Enhancement of crime voice sample by using ACCUSTECK Lab+ Audio Spectrometer
Abstract
In this work, we aimed to improve the sound quality of the speech casually spoken by the criminals during a robbery at a factory using a voice spectrometer. The audio file included mentions of two local gangsters, who were later caught by the police, which helped advance the investigation. We achieved this objective by stretching the recorded speech over time, which allowed us to understand the names better. We have accomplished this task by elongating/expanding the recorded speech in the time scale/time domain, which led to the decipherment of names.
| 11 |
Author(s):
Benecia Ravi R, J.E. Merlin Sasikala.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Nanotechnology
Page No:
150-176 |
Photocatalytic Activity of Green Synthesis ZnO AND FeO Nanoparticles of Calotropis Gigantea Flower Extract
Abstract
Green Synthesis of Zno and Feo nanoparticles is carried out by Calotropis gigantea flower extract with Zinc Acetate and Ferric Chloride salt. When the aqueous flower extract was put into the FeO Solution it turns into puple to brown colour immediately this indicates the reduction of iron ions in the solution and when the flower extract was put into the ZnO solution it turns into purple to dark green colour immediately this indicates the reduction of zinc ions in the solution. The synthesized FeO and ZnO NPs were characterized by UV, ITIR, XRD, DLS and SEM. It was utilized to determine the crystallinity, shape, and functional group responsible for the capping, reducing, and photocatalytic destruction of synthesized ZnO and FeO NPs. The degradation of Methyl Red and Crystal Violet dye under sunlight, which was used to examine the photocatalysis of synthetic ZnO and FeO NPs.
| 12 |
Author(s):
Moses Tangwam, Kotoko Bismark.
Country:
United States
Research Area:
Civil Engineering
Page No:
177-188 |
Determination of Gravity Potential Differences and Height Systems for Survey Control on KNUST Campus, Ghana
Abstract
Traditional spirit leveling remains the primary method for establishing height control in engineering and geodetic work. However, its results are affected by the specific path taken and are not purely determined by physics. Heights obtained solely through geometric leveling depend on the chosen route and cannot be directly integrated into global or regional height systems based on gravity potential. This study measures gravity potential differences between survey control stations on the KNUST campus in Kumasi, Ghana, and calculates orthometric, dynamic, and normal heights in accordance with physical height theory. Precise leveling was carried out among 16 existing control stations using a digital level and invar bar-coded staff. At the midpoint of each segment, ground gravity measurements were taken with a LaCoste & Romberg G-944 gravimeter. These gravity data were corrected for drift and tides using Geosoft, and geopotential numbers were computed from the segment height differences and average gravity values. From these geopotential numbers, orthometric, dynamic, and normal heights were derived for all stations. The results confirm that leveled heights are not unique and demonstrate that geopotential numbers offer a path-independent method to define height on campus. This study presents a practical approach to improve gravity-based vertical control in a local network, providing a foundation for future integration into national and global height systems.
| 13 |
Author(s):
Lakshman Kumar Gope, Dr. Brahmdeo Yadav, Rohit Raj, Sumit Kumar.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Civil Engineering
Page No:
189-194 |
Comparative Study on Normal and Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of addition of binding wires on the compressive strength of concrete. Different quantities of binding wires from 0-1.75% were added to the concrete to find out the optimum quantities of binding wires in which the FRC with binding wires is more effective in terms of strength and crack resistance capacity. Steel fibre reinforcement concrete (SFRC) is a composite material made of hydraulic cements, water, fine and coarse aggregate and dispersion of discontinues small fibres (steel fibre). It is one of the superior crack resisting building materials due to its ability to modify micro and macro cracking by intercepting cracks at their origin and inhibit crack growth. The study found that addition of steel fibre increased compressive strength at 7, 14, 28 days test. SFRC is a superior crack resisting building material due to its ability to modify micro and macro cracking by intercepting cracks at their origin and inhibit crack growth. The results of the study show that the addition of binding wires as fibre can significantly increase the compressive along with the crack arresting capacity. The results also give a detail idea of optimum quantity of steel fibre that can be used in concrete production to get better strength and at the same time it will be more economical.
| 14 |
Author(s):
Pradip Bahadur Chetri.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Mathematics
Page No:
195-210 |
Further congruences for [j,k]- overpartition with even parts distinct
Abstract
: Naika, MS Mahadeva, Harishkumar T, and T. N. Veeranayaka[4] defined (ped) ̅_(j,k) (n) as the number of [j, k]- overpartitions of a positive integer n with the restriction that even parts are distinct and the first occurrence of each distinct part congruent to j modulo k may be overlined. In this paper some infinite families of congruence modulo power of 2 of (ped) ̅_(3,3) (n) and (ped) ̅_(3,6) (n) will be established, such as
(ped) ̅_(3,3) (6.p^(2α+1).(pn+w)+(13.p^(2α+2)-1)/4)=0 (mod 8)
(ped) ̅_(3,6) (24.p^(2α+1).(pn`+m)+13.p^(2α+2) ) q^(n )≡0 (mod 4)
| 15 |
Author(s):
Farha Siddiqui, Dr. Sachin Datt, DR. Himadri Shekhar Dey.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Civil Engineering
Page No:
211-223 |
Sustainable Building Materials for Energy-Efficient Building Development – A Review
Abstract
Construction is one of the greatest consumers of raw materials and energy in the world hence sustainability is a key priority in the contemporary building development. With continued increase in the carbon emission globally, there has been a need to incorporate energy saving and environmentally conscious materials in curbing the effects of the buildings on their life-cycle. The transition is supported by sustainable building materials which reduce embodied energy, enhance thermal performance and permit more resource-efficient constructions. These resources can broadly be categorized into four primary groups, which are bio-based materials like bamboo, hempcrete, and engineered timber, recycled and low-carbon materials, such as reclaimed steel, recycled concrete aggregate, and polymer composites, high-performance insulation materials, and energy-generating/energy-saving materials, such as building-integrated photovoltaics, phase-change materials, and cool roofing technologies. Collectively, these innovations result in a considerable decrease in the operational energy demand alongside the advancement of the principles of the circular economy in the construction supply chain. Nevertheless, sustainable materials are not widely used due to cost constraints, government regulations, lack of technical expertise, and the discrepancy of the supply-chain across different regions of the world. Nonetheless, research and global sustainability models are focused on the fact that the large-scale expansion of sustainable material use is the most important in the long-term climate objectives, resilient infrastructure, and a low-carbon built environment.
| 16 |
Author(s):
Sujatha Inginshetty, Shweta. S..
Country:
India
Research Area:
Statistics
Page No:
224-236 |
Assessment of Dietary and Nutritional Risk Factors Associated with Cancer Disease Through Factor Analysis
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most serious non-communicable diseases affecting populations worldwide, and its rising incidence in India has become a major public health concern. Among various risk factors, unhealthy dietary and nutritional habits are now increasingly being recognized as critical contributors to cancer development. Rapid urbanization, lifestyle transitions, and lack of awareness regarding balanced nutrition have led to a growing prevalence of diet-related cancers. The present study aims to examine the association between dietary and nutritional patterns and the risk of cancer among cancer patients in Kalaburagi city. A total of 500 cancer patients from two prominent cancer care hospitals were selected for this study. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire that captured information on sociodemographic characteristics, dietary habits, and nutrition-related behaviours. To identify the most influential dietary risk patterns, a factor analysis approach was employed. This multivariate statistical technique helps in reducing a large set of interrelated variables into key underlying dietary factors influencing cancer occurrence. The study seeks to provide evidence-based insights into how specific nutrition-related behaviors may be linked to cancer risk, and to inform public health strategies and interventions aimed at dietary improvement and cancer prevention in Kalaburagi city.
| 17 |
Author(s):
Chandan Kumar Jana.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Botany
Page No:
237-243 |
Weight Loss Of Dalbergia Latifolia Roxb. Leaf Litter and Releasing of Macro Nutrients in Dang Forest Ecosystem of Gujarat, India
Abstract
Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. commonly known as Indian rosewood. It is the most valuable timber yielding plant in India. Litter decomposition of plants dead material provides a source of energy and nutrients in forest ecosystem. It is a fundamental ecological process that recycles nutrients, maintains soil fertility and supports the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. The present study was carried out to evaluate monthly weight loss of D. latifolia leaf litter during decomposition process by nylon litter bags in the Dang forest floor. Every month weight loss of leaf litter was recorded and releasing of macronutrients such as Na, N, P and K were estimated during decomposition of litter. The fast rate of litter decomposition was observed in the rainy season which was favourable climate for microbial activities. After one year decomposition process only 27.80% D. latifolia litter was remained in the litter bag. Decomposition constant (k) of leaf litter was 1.28 and turnover time required to decompose the residual litter was 323 days.
| 18 |
Author(s):
Dr. Lav Kumar Verma.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Zoology
Page No:
244-253 |
Studying Butterfly Diversity and Its Ecological Importance in Kabirdham, Chhattisgarh
Abstract
Abstract
This study examines the species diversity, abundance, habitat preferences, and activity patterns of butterflies in Kabirdham, Chhattisgarh, from March to September 2024. A total of 145 butterflies, representing 10 species, were observed across various habitats, including forests, grasslands, agricultural fields, riparian zones, and forest edges. The Shannon Diversity Index (H') for the butterfly community was calculated at 2.44, suggesting a moderate level of species diversity. The survey found that Grass Yellow (Eurema hecabe) and Blue Tiger (Tirumala limniace) were the most abundant species, while others, like Plains Cupid (Zographetus dzonguensis) and Painted Lady (Vanessa cardui), were less common. Habitat preferences were varied, with species such as the Common Indian Crow (Euploea core) and Orange Tip (Colotis etrida) favoring forested areas, while Grass Yellow and Plains Cupid were more abundant in grasslands. Agricultural fields and riparian zones played key roles for species like Blue Tiger and Common Lime (Papilio demoleus). Activity patterns showed that species such as Grass Yellow and Tawny Coster were most active in the early morning, while species like Blue Tiger and Brown Banded Swallowtail preferred to rest during the afternoon. The study emphasizes the importance of conserving diverse habitats to support butterfly populations and maintain the overall health of the ecosystem in Kabirdham.
Keywords: Butterflies, biodiversity, ecological significance, Kabirdham, pollinators, conservation
| 19 |
Author(s):
Perusomula Hemanth, S. Krishnaiah.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Civil Engineering
Page No:
254-265 |
Temperature Induced Variations in Soil Shear Strength: Experimental Approch
Abstract
This study examines the effect of elevated temperatures on the shear strength behaviour of soil within the range of 27 to 600 °C. Experimental work comprised of index property characterization, Standard Proctor compaction, direct shear testing and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) assessment. The results show that moderate heating (110–200 °C) leads to a marginal increase in cohesion, attributed to partial dehydration of clay minerals and enhanced particle interlocking. Beyond 300 °C, pronounced structural degradation occurs, resulting in a steep reduction in cohesion from 60 kN/m² at untreated to complete loss at 500 °C. Conversely, the internal friction angle increases progressively from 17° to 47° at 600 °C, indicating a shift from cohesive behaviour to a friction dominated granular response. Overall, the soil exhibits a 72% reduction in shear strength at 600 °C. Microstructural and mineralogical transformations identified through XRD, SEM and EDS corroborate these mechanical changes. The findings highlight the non-linear thermal sensitivity of soil and provide critical insights for geotechnical design in high-temperature scenarios, including fire-affected foundations, geothermal infrastructure and thermal waste containment systems.
| 20 |
Author(s):
Writika Bhowmick, Aindrila Chatterjee, Vedanti Bhoyar.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Cognitive Science
Page No:
266-282 |
Silent Calls, Loud Minds: Understanding Ringxiety in the Wake of COVID-19
Abstract
In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, psychosomatic experiences have emerged since technological dependence has inadvertently strengthened. Ringxiety happens when there is a false perception about mobile phone vibrations or auditory alerts without the actual stimuli. This phenomenon reflects the more heightened digital dependence and also has emerged quite pervasively. This study investigates Ringxiety's prevalence with predictors within urban populations. It also explores all of the psychological ramifications from Ringxiety focusing upon post-pandemic behavior with sensory shifts. Since a quantitative, cross-sectional methodology was employed, data were collected via structured questionnaires comprising Likert-scale as well as categorical items. The results reveal that elevated mobile phone reliance and a high notification frequency correlate to an increase in Ringxiety, which is statistically important. Symptom frequency showed additionally strong connections with demographic variables. The findings show the most common and prevalent effects of digital overload on mental, emotional, and social health. The study advocates that integration of digital hygiene practices and designing user-centric interfaces followed by an intervention can reduce psychological burden.
| 21 |
Author(s):
Debraj Banerjee, Sudipto Roy.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Physics
Page No:
283-297 |
A Study of Time Dependence of Cosmological Parameters for a Dynamical Cosmological Constant Using a Hybrid Scale Factor
Abstract
In the present study we have determined the time dependence of some cosmological parameters of an isotropic and homogeneous universe, based on an empirical scale factor. The scale factor has been chosen in a manner such that the deceleration parameter changes sign from positive to negative as time goes on. This behaviour of the scale factor is consistent with the transition of the state of the universe from a decelerated expansion to its present state of accelerated expansion. This empirical scale factor is a product of exponential and power-law functions of time, which is often referred to as the hybrid scale factor. First part of the study is based on a constant equation of state (EoS) parameter and its second part is based on a time-varying EoS parameter. The gravitational constant is shown by this model to be decreasing with time. The cosmological constant (denoted by lambda), is found in the present study to be increasing with time, with a gradually decreasing rate of change. In the early universe it rises very steeply from a negative value to a less negative value at the present time, and then, as per predictions by this model, it is likely to increase very slowly to reach a positive value in future. All our theoretical findings have been depicted here graphically.
| 22 |
Author(s):
Ahlam Jassim Taher, Amar Hussein Abd Ali.
Country:
Iraq
Research Area:
Biology
Page No:
298-320 |
Cystic Echinococcosis: A Review Article
Abstract
Hydatid cystic or cystic echinococcosis disease remains a major challenge due to its medical and veterinary importance and its widespread spread all over the world as well as the economic losses caused by this disease, whether for humans or farm animals. Echinococcus granulosus is the causative agent for this disease, targeting the liver and lungs primarily and in varying proportions of the rest of the body. This disease is characterized by the non-appearance of pathological symptoms for long periods as its appearance depends on the size, number and site of the cysts formed and the type of organ infected and surgery is still the most effective solution for the disposal of hydatid cysts.
Dogs and the rest of Canidae family represent the final host of the parasite causing the disease while herbivorous animals are the median host of the parasite, but the human is an occasional host who becomes infected as a result of accidental ingestion of eggs and therefore does not donate to the perpetuation of the parasite's life cycle.
The current article discusses cystic echinococcosis disease in several aspects, including the historical background of the disease, the scientific classification of the causative parasite, the life cycle and the stages of the parasite and the structure of each stage of its development and the symptoms caused by the infection of this disease and the treatment used and methods of diagnosis as well as methods of prevention and control of the disease in addition to some studies conducted on this disease.
