International Journal of Science and Technology (IJST)

Design and Implementation of an Ideal Plant System Using IoT-Based Environmental Control

The concept of an "ideal plant" represents an imaginary state where plants receive optimal and continuous supply of three critical factors: adequate heat, adequate water, and adequate minerals. This research paper presents a comprehensive framework for designing and implementing an automated electronic control system capable of maintaining ideal plant growth conditions through Internet of Things (IoT) technology and precision environmental management. The proposed system integrates multiple sensor technologies including temperature sensors, soil moisture probes, pH sensors, and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) sensors with an ESP32 microcontroller to continuously monitor and regulate environmental parameters. Automated actuators such as heating elements, water pumps, and nutrient dosing systems maintain parameters within optimal ranges specific to plant species and growth stages. Real-time data collection through IoT platforms enables remote monitoring via mobile applications, allowing farmers and researchers to track plant health from anywhere at any time. The system demonstrates significant improvements in resource efficiency with 90% reduction in water usage, up to 50% reduction in energy consumption, and 20-25% increase in crop yield compared to traditional farming methods. This research highlights the transformative potential of combining IoT sensors, automated control systems, and precision agriculture principles to create an achievable ideal growing environment that optimises plant physiology, minimises resource wastage, and enhances agricultural sustainability for both commercial and domestic applications.