International Journal of Science and Technology (IJST)

Design and Implementation of a Solar Panel Tracking and Protection System Using Arduino and Sensor Integration

This paper presents the design and implementation of a single-axis sun tracking and protection system aimed at improving the efficiency and longevity of photovoltaic (PV) panels. The system utilizes Light Dependent Resistors (LDRs) and airflow sensors to adjust the orientation of the PV panels, ensuring they are always positioned to face the direction of maximum solar irradiation. This alignment optimizes energy absorption, thus enhancing system performance. Additionally, the system incorporates a protective feature that adjusts the panel orientation in response to harsh winds. By aligning the panels parallel to the wind direction, the system minimizes potential damage to the PV modules. The algorithm governing the system operates in two modes: solar tracking and solar protection. Under normal weather conditions, the system prioritizes solar tracking, continuously adjusting the panel orientation to maximize sunlight exposure. However, when the system detects the onset of strong winds, the algorithm switches to the protection mode, temporarily halting solar tracking and repositioning the panels to mitigate wind damage. This paper elaborates on the design principles, sensor integration, and algorithm development behind the system. It also discusses the potential benefits of combining sun tracking with environmental protection, leading to improved efficiency during favorable weather and enhanced durability under extreme conditions. The system aims to provide a sustainable solution for optimizing PV performance and safeguarding panels in varying environmental scenarios.