International Journal of Science and Technology (IJST)

Optimizing Bioprocess Economics for Manufacturing of Vaccine: Pathways to Cost Reduction

Cost reduction in vaccine manufacturing is a critical objective to sustain competitiveness and profitability while maintaining product quality, safety and efficacy. Increasing the selling prices is rarely feasible due to market pressures and regulatory restrictions, therefore, optimizing manufacturing costs is the preferred strategy. Manufacturing costs broadly comprise direct material costs, direct labor costs, and overhead costs, each of which presents unique opportunities for cost savings by up to 30%. This paper explores systematic approaches to reduce costs in vaccine production, such as adopting cost effective raw materials, optimization of labor utilization, minimizing product rejections and excess inventory, managing overhead costs, and streamlining of process steps. The discussion emphasizes that careful implementation of strategies that can reduce production costs, while maintaining compliance with Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), regulatory standards, and product performance. By addressing both technical and operational aspects, the paper highlights practical measures that enable sustainable cost reduction without compromising the quality or accessibility of life saving vaccines