International Journal of Science and Technology (IJST)

Harnessing Nature’s Abundance: A Narrative Review on the Supremacy of Herbal Medicines

Herbal remedies have played a crucial role in human health care for millennia and remain significant therapeutic resources in both traditional practices and contemporary medicine. Growing concerns over the side effects of synthetic drugs have heightened global interest in natural alternatives, which are often viewed as safer, more holistic, and cost-effective. This review brings together scientific insights on the pharmacological value of widely used herbs such as Aloe vera, Peppermint, Ginger, Chamomile, Lavender, Garlic, Turmeric, Lemon Balm, Thyme, Cilantro, Basil, St. John’s Wort, and Dandelion. Relevant literature was collected from PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, with a focus on phytochemical composition, pharmacological mechanisms, and therapeutic roles. Evidence indicates that Aloe vera is effective in wound repair and oxidative stress reduction; peppermint supports gastrointestinal health; ginger provides anti-inflammatory and metabolic benefits; and chamomile and lavender exhibit calming and sedative properties. Garlic and turmeric demonstrate cardiovascular and anticancer potential, while lemon balm, thyme, cilantro, basil, St. John’s Wort, and dandelion offer antioxidant, liver-protective, and immune-enhancing effects. Despite promising outcomes, issues such as inconsistent dosing, safety evaluation, and limited clinical trials restrict their broader acceptance. Future studies should prioritize well-designed randomized trials and standardized formulations to promote the integration of herbal medicines into mainstream healthcare systems.