International Journal of Science and Technology (IJST)

Role of Microbes Involved in Industrial Biotechnology

Microorganisms are microscopic living organisms found in diverse environments, including soil, water, air, and living hosts. While some microbes cause diseases, most play essential roles in ecosystem functioning, human health, and nutrient cycling. Their rapid growth and metabolic versatility make them valuable in biotechnology and industry. Microbes are widely used in the production of medicines, vaccines, enzymes, biofuels, and fermented foods, as well as in waste management and environmental cleanup. Advances in genetic engineering have enhanced their industrial applications, enabling sustainable production processes. Microorganisms continue to offer promising solutions for global challenges in healthcare, agriculture, energy, and environmental protection.