International Journal of Science and Technology (IJST)

Hydrothermal Synthesis of SnO₂, TiO₂ Nanomaterials, its Characterization and pH Sensing Application

In this research, Hydrothermal method was used to synthesize titanium dioxide (TiO₂) and tin dioxide (SnO₂) as this method is cost effective and have ability to produce highly crystallized material. This research focuses on how synthesis conditions influence structural properties of material and their compatibility for ph sensing application. Characterization technique like XRD, FESEM, UV visible spectroscopy used to determine their crystal structure surface topography, optical properties etc. Crystalline phases of both TiO₂ and SnO₂ were confirmed by XRD analysis. FESEM technique revealed surface morphology and topography as it finds synthesized material are spherical particles, although some degree of accumulation was present. Optical studies analysis done with the help of uv spectroscopy gives us band gap energies of a 3.1 eV for TiO₂ and 3.2 eV for SnO₂ respectively. The range of band gap energies reflects the semiconducting nature of nanomaterials. pH sensing mechanism of synthesized nanomaterials were tested and it is observed that when the pH level changed both TiO₂ and SnO₂ showed changes in their electrical behaviour, so we can say that they are ph sensitive materials. Impedance plot also gives us an idea that these nanomaterials respond well to different pH values. Overall TiO₂ and SnO₂ prepared by hydrothermal method are reliable, stable, low-cost materials for pH sensing