International Journal of Science and Technology (IJST)

Assessment of Physicochemical Properties of Upper Lake, Bhopal: A Comprehensive Literature Review

Lake degradation is a critical global issue, with human activities having a significant negative impact on lakes and reservoirs. Eutrophication, the process of adding nutrients, silt, and other organic material to a lake, can result in increased algal and rooted aquatic plant production, altering the biological stability of the lake and tank ecosystems. Water pollution is a big issue in developing countries, with 35% of urban and 65% of rural Indians drinking contaminated water, which leads to diseases like diarrhea, cholera, dysentery, typhoid, amoebiasis, jaundice, and Enterobacteriaceae. The Upper Lake in Bhopal, India, is facing severe threats from various anthropogenic activities, such as deforestation, intensive agricultural practices, industrial growth, and sewage. The water quality of the lake can be assessed using various physicochemical parameters, like surface water temperature, pH, total hardness, alkalinity, BOD, COD, chloride, and nitrate. However, literature reviews have found that most variables are not at a standard level, indicating a need for proper attention and management of lake water.