International Journal of Science and Technology (IJST)

Early Detection of Diseases Using AI: An Overview of Emerging Tools and Techniques

Early detection of diseases is critical for improving treatment outcomes, reducing healthcare costs, and enhancing patient quality of life. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a powerful enabler for advancing early diagnostic capabilities across a wide spectrum of diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, neurodegenerative conditions, and infectious diseases. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of AI-driven tools and techniques utilized in the early detection of diseases. It highlights the role of machine learning, deep learning, and data mining in analyzing complex biomedical data such as medical images, electronic health records, and genetic information. The paper also examines emerging biomarkers and sensor technologies integrated with AI for timely diagnosis. Challenges related to data heterogeneity, interpretability, and clinical implementation are discussed, alongside potential solutions. Through reviewing recent research and clinical applications, the paper emphasizes AI’s transformative potential in enabling earlier and more accurate disease detection, ultimately facilitating proactive healthcare interventions.