International Journal of Science and Technology (IJST)

Surface Modification of Semiconductor Nanoparticles for Enhanced Optical Performance

Considering the fact that their electrical and optical characteristics are dependent on their size, semiconductor nanoparticles, which are sometimes referred to as quantum dots, have emerged as potentially useful materials. On the other hand, their actual applicability in optoelectronic devices, sensors, and bioimaging is frequently restricted due to surface-related flaws, nonradiative recombination, and poor stability under ambient circumstances. Surface modification schemes offer an efficient means of overcoming these obstacles by allowing for the alteration of the chemical and physical properties of nanoparticle surfaces. It has been demonstrated that some methods, including as ligand exchange, core–shell engineering, and surface passivation, may considerably improve the efficiency of photoluminescence, as well as charge carrier dynamics and environmental stability. In addition, functionalisation with organic and inorganic moieties not only enhances optical performance but also permits biocompatibility and selective targeting in biomedical applications. This is important since these properties are essential for biological applications. The promise of these modified nanostructures in next-generation solar cells, light-emitting diodes, photocatalysis, and quantum technologies has been brought to light by recent developments in controlled synthesis and surface engineering. The purpose of this work is to examine the role that surface modification plays in optimising the optical behaviour of semiconductor nanoparticles. The focus is on the present tactics, underlying processes, and future possibilities for the achievement of nanomaterials that are adjustable, stable, and suitable for application.